In Japan, there are many towns and streets that attempt to preserve the historic atmosphere. Some streets are lined with machiya (traditional townhouses), which were built in the Edo Period, while others used to be castle towns. Still, you can see traces of these eras in the well-preserved architecture and streetscapes today. Walking through these historic streets while learning about their history and cultural background offers more than just sightseeing—it’s an unforgettable experience. In this article, we will introduce 10 traditional townscapes in Japan. Visit Japan’s charming old towns and feel as if you’ve traveled back in time.
Otaru Canal, Hokkaido
Otaru, located just over 30 minutes from Sapporo Station, rapidly developed as a hub for maritime trade after the Meiji period. One of the iconic features is the Otaru Canal, which was a central part of the port in the first half of the 20th century. The canal is lined with stone warehouses built during the Taisho period, offering visitors a glimpse into the town’s historic charm and industrial heritage.
Depending on the season you can experience a different atmosphere but we highly recommend visiting there in Winter. The town covered in snow is particularly beautiful. In addition, the canal offers a magical experience with an event called “Otaru Snow Light Path” in February. During the event, the canal is illuminated with countless candles made by the locals, creating an enchanting atmosphere. It promises to be a truly unique and unforgettable experience.
Ginzan Onsen, Yamagata
Ginzan Onsen is an atmospheric hot spring resort in the mountains of Yamagata and is famous for its nostalgic atmosphere of the Taisho period. The town is lined with multi-story wooden buildings and makes visitors feel as though they have stepped back in time. The landscape attracts tourists year-round, offering unique experiences in each season. Along the Ginzan River, which flows through the town, there are foot baths where you can relax while taking in the amazing views. If you visit in winter, you can enjoy the unique experience of taking a bath surrounded by snow.
The hot springs at Ginzan Onsen are rich in sulfur. The sulfur content is said to promote skin cell turnover and help remove old keratin, leaving the skin feeling smooth and revitalized. So, many people visit not only for effective fatigue recovery and relaxation but also for its high skin-beautifying effects.
Kagurazaka, Tokyo
Kagurazaka, located in Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo, preserves traces of its historical charm with stone-paved alleys and traditional wooden buildings. To the east of Kagurazaka Street, the town’s main street, narrow lanes such as Geisha Shindo and Kakurenbo Yokocho offer unique experiences like traditional performing arts and tea ceremony sessions. Even today, around 30 geisha are active in Kagurazaka, showcasing their artistry at traditional events such as the “Kagurazaka Odori.”In areas like Kagura Koji, Nakadori and Honda Yokocho, you’ll find cafes, various stores, clothes shops and more. It is a fascinating town that beautifully blends the elegance of traditional Japanese culture with a modern, sophisticated flair.
Shukunegi, Niigata
Shukunegi is a historic fishing village located in the southern part of Sado Island. It flourished as a port town for the Kitamae-bune trading ships from the Edo period to the early Meiji period. The village still preserves architectural styles showcasing the craftsmanship of shipbuilders, as well as historical structures such as granite bridges that were transported on the Kitamae-bune.
Just outside the village, a picturesque bay provides a stunning photo spot, offering a striking contrast between the majestic coastline and the traditional fishing village. Fishing remains an active industry in the area, and local inns serve fresh seafood caught nearby, allowing visitors to savor the region’s culinary delights.
In addition, guided tours by local volunteers are also available, offering a unique opportunity to learn about the history of the fishing village and catch a glimpse of the traditional way of life. It’s a rare chance to step back in time and experience the charm and heritage of this historic community.
Tsumago, Nagano
Tsumago-juku, located in southern Nagano, is a post town along the historic Nakasendo route that has preserved the essence of the Edo period. Strolling along its stone-paved streets lined with traditional Edo-era buildings, visitors can feel as though they’ve stepped back in time.
The Honjin, Waki-Honjin, and Hatago inns, designed to host high-ranking travelers like feudal lords, boast elegant architecture and are must-see highlights. In these buildings, there are some exhibits that recreate the lives of travelers and the daily activities of post-towns, providing a tangible glimpse into Edo-era journeys and culture.
A visit to Tsumago offers a comprehensive experience of the role, lifestyle, and culture of post-towns during the Edo period. It’s an unforgettable journey into Japan’s past, where history comes alive in an authentic and immersive setting.
Takayama, Gifu
Takayama, nestled in Gifu and often called Hida-Takayama, is a charming town where Japan’s traditional culture, history, and natural beauty seamlessly come together. At its heart lies the Sanmachi area, a district that captivates visitors with its Edo-period charm, boasting rows of beautifully preserved wooden townhouses. Walking through the alleys lined with lattice-fronted homes and illuminated by vibrant red lanterns, visitors are transported to the timeless elegance of traditional Japan.
Further enhancing Takayama’s allure are its vibrant daily morning markets, where stalls overflow with fresh local produce and unique handcrafted goods. These bustling markets provide not only a chance to savor the region’s culinary and artisanal treasures but also an opportunity to engage with the warm and welcoming local community, making for an unforgettable experience.
Philosopher’s Path, Kyoto
The Philosopher’s Path is a picturesque 2-kilometer stone walkway nestled at the base of Kyoto’s Higashiyama district. This serene trail, named after Nishida Kitaro—a renowned Kyoto University philosopher who often walked here in quiet contemplation—follows the scenic Biwa Canal.
In spring, the path is flanked by around 500 cherry trees, creating a breathtaking tunnel of blossoms that enchants visitors with its fleeting beauty. The vibrant colors and delicate petals offer a magical experience, making it a must-visit spot during the cherry blossom season.
For those in search of a peaceful retreat, the Philosopher’s Path provides the perfect setting to relax, reflect, and enjoy the harmonious blend of Kyoto’s traditional charm and the surrounding natural beauty. Whether you’re seeking solitude or simply looking to admire Kyoto’s timeless appeal, this walkway promises a truly memorable experience.
Kurashiki Bikan Historical Quarter, Okayama
The Kurashiki Bikan Historical Quarter in Kurashiki City, Okayama, is a beautifully preserved area that showcases the charm of an Edo-period townscape. This district captivates visitors with its stunning white-walled and namako wall buildings, traditional warehouses, and streets that exude a timeless atmosphere.
Adding to the charm is the Kurashiki River, which flows gently through the district. Once a vital route for transporting goods, the river now offers boat rides, allowing visitors to soak in the historic scenery from a unique waterside perspective. The leisurely pace of the boat ride enhances the serene and nostalgic ambiance of the area.
For those with a love for fashion, Kurashiki Denim Street is another highlight. Known for its high-quality Japanese denim, the street is a haven for denim enthusiasts, offering everything from locally crafted items to international brands, making it a perfect stop for stylish souvenirs.
With its blend of historical architecture, scenic waterways, and modern attractions, the Kurashiki Bikan Historical Quarter is a destination where tradition and culture harmonize beautifully. Whether you visit to admire the seasonal beauty, delve into its history, or shop for premium denim, the quarter promises an unforgettable experience.
Dōgo Onsen, Ehime
Dogo Onsen, located in Matsuyama City, Ehime, is one of Japan’s oldest hot springs, with a history dating back to the Nara period. It is even mentioned in the Nihon Shoki, one of Japan’s oldest historical texts compiled in 720, which records the nation’s early history and myths. At the heart of the onsen town stands the Dogo Onsen Honkan, a magnificent three-story wooden bathhouse built in 1894, evoking the atmosphere of a period drama.
This historic site also gained fame as the setting of Natsume Soseki’s novel *Botchan*. Written in 1906, this classic tale of humor and cultural observation by one of Japan’s most celebrated authors has further solidified Dogo Onsen’s reputation, intertwining its charm with Japan’s rich literary heritage.
The surrounding onsen town exudes a retro charm, with traditional inns and souvenir shops lining its streets. Visitors often stroll the area wearing yukata, enhancing the nostalgic ambiance.
Dogo Onsen offers more than just relaxation—it’s a journey through Japan’s history of hot springs, literature, and culture, providing a deeply enriching and soothing experience for both body and mind.
Mamedamachi, Oita
Mamedamachi in Hita City, Oita, captivates visitors with its well-preserved historical townscape, offering a glimpse into the essence of the Edo period. Originally established in 1601 as a castle town, it later became a tenryo—territory directly governed by the Tokugawa shogunate. These regions, carefully managed for their economic, cultural, and strategic importance, played a key role in Japan’s feudal era, and Mamedamachi thrived as a cultural and economic hub of Kyushu.
Walking through the narrow streets of Mamedamachi feels like stepping into a living open-air museum. Traditional merchant houses line the roads, their wooden facades and intricate details preserving the spirit of a bygone era. Key attractions such as the Kusano Honke, a historic family residence, and the Tenryo Hita Museum provide deeper insights into the town’s rich history. Here, visitors can learn about the governance, daily life, and culture of Mamedamachi during its prosperous days as a tenryo.
Mamedamachi complements its historical charm with a peaceful atmosphere, inviting visitors to take a leisurely stroll and enjoy the timeless beauty of this merchant town. It’s a place where history, culture, and the gentle pace of traditional life come together seamlessly.
Summary
This article highlights ten must-visit historic towns in Japan, each offering a unique blend of cultural and historical charm, from merchant and post towns to serene hot spring resorts. Exploring these timeless streets while uncovering their rich history provides not only a deeper appreciation but also an authentic connection to Japan’s heritage. Let this guide inspire your journey and help you create unforgettable memories in Japan.
